CST Studio Suite? gives customers access to multiple electromagnetic (EM) simulation solvers which use methods such as the finite element method () the finite integration technique (FIT), and the transmission line matrix method (TLM). These represent the most powerful general purpose solvers for high frequency simulation tasks. Additional solvers for specialist applications such as electrically large or highly resonant structures complement the general purpose solvers. Alongside these are simulation methods for low frequency, charged particle, electronics, and multiphysics problems.
The seamless integration of the solvers into one user interface in CST Studio Suite enables the easy selection of the most appropriate simulation method for a given problem class, delivering improved simulation performance and unprecedented simulation reliability through cross-verification.
The Asymptotic Solver is a ray tracing solver which is efficient for extremely large structures where a full-wave solver is unnecessary. The Asymptotic Solver is based on the Shooting Bouncing Ray method, an extension to physical optics, and is capable of tackling simulations with an electric size of many thousands of wavelengths.
Hybrid field simulation using near-field and farfield sources with the time domain solver, frequency domain solver and integral equation solver
Eigenmode
The Eigenmode Solver is a 3D solver for simulating resonant structures, incorporating Advanced Krylov Subspace method (AKS), and the Jacobi-Davidson method (JDM). Common applications of the Eigenmode Solver are highly-resonant filter structures, high-Q particle accelerator cavities, and slow wave structures such as travelling wave tubes. The Eigenmode Solver supports sensitivity analysis, allowing the detuning effect of structural deformation to be calculated directly.
Filter Designer 2D (FD2D) is a planar filter synthesis tool based on well-respected and mature software from Nuhertz Technologies. FD2D contains a database with a wide variety of filter types, including both lumped element and distributed element implementations. Users input the specifications of the filter – including both the frequency response and any physical limitations, such as the maximum size of the filter and the properties of the substrate – and Filter Designer 2D will automatically suggest a design. With a single button click, fully parametric models of this design can be created for either circuit simulation or full-wave 3D simulation.
Filter Designer 3D (FD3D) is a synthesis tool for designing cross-coupled bandpass filters. CoupleFil simplifies the design process substantially by automatically calculating the necessary coupling matrix and suggesting filter topologies that match the user’s requirements. These requirements can include multiple pass-bands and arbitrary transmission and reflection zeroes. Once CoupleFil has synthesized a filter, it can generate a 3D model of the design which can be used as the basis of a full-wave simulation.
The Frequency Domain Solver is a powerful multi-purpose 3D full-wave solver, based on the finite element method (FEM), that offers excellent simulation performance for many types of component. Because the Frequency Domain Solver calculates all ports at the same time, it is also a very efficient way to simulate large multi-port systems such as connectors and arrays. The Frequency Domain Solver includes a model-order reduction (MOR) feature which can speed up the simulation of resonant structures such as filters.
The Integral Equation Solver is a 3D full-wave solver, based on the method of moments (MOM) technique with multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM). The Integral Equation Solver uses a surface integral technique, which makes it much more efficient than full volume methods when simulating large models with lots of empty space. The Integral Equation Solver includes a characteristic mode analysis (CMA) feature which calculates the modes supported by a structure.
The Multilayer Solver is a 3D full-wave solver, based on the method of moments (MOM) technique. The Multilayer Solver uses a surface integral technique and is optimized for simulating planar microwave structures. The Multilayer Solver includes a characteristic mode analysis (CMA) feature which calculates the modes supported by a structure.
The Time Domain Solver is a powerful and versatile multi-purpose 3D full-wave solver, with both finite integration technique (FIT) and transmission line matrix (TLM) implementations included in a single package. The Time Domain Solver can perform broadband simulations in a single run. Support for hardware acceleration and MPI cluster computing also makes the solver suitable for extremely large, complex and detail-rich simulations.
FIT implementation
TLM implementation
A 3D solver for simulating static electric fields.
The Stationary Current Field Solver is a 3D solver for simulating the flow of DC currents through a device, especially with lossy components. This solver can be used to characterize the electrical properties of a component that is DC or in which eddy currents and transient effects are irrelevant.
The Magnetostatic Solver is a 3D solver for simulating static magnetic fields. This solver is most useful for simulating magnets, sensors, and for simulating electrical machines such as motors and generators in cases where transient effects and eddy currents are not critical.
The Low-Frequency Frequency Domain Solver is a 3D solver for simulating the time-harmonic behavior in low frequency systems, and includes magneto-quasistatic (MQS), electro-quasistatic (EQS) and fullwave implementations. This solver is most useful for simulations that involve frequency-domain effects such as skin depth, proximity and dispersive materials.
The Low-Frequency Time Domain Solver is a 2D/3D solver for simulating the transient behavior in low frequency systems, and includes both magneto-quasistatic (MQS) and electro-quasistatic (EQS) implementations. The MQS solver is suitable for problems involving eddy currents, non-linear effects and linear/rotational motion. The EQS solver is suitable for resistive-capacitive problems.
CST Studio Suite® gives customers access to multiple electromagnetic (EM) simulation solvers which use methods such as the finite element method (FEM) the finite integration technique (FIT), and the transmission line matrix method (TLM). These represent the most powerful general purpose solvers for high frequency simulation tasks. Additional solvers for specialist applications such as electrically large or highly resonant structures complement the general purpose solvers. Alongside these are simulation methods for low frequency, charged particle, electronics, and multiphysics problems.
The seamless integration of the solvers into one user interface in CST Studio Suite enables the easy selection of the most appropriate simulation method for a given problem class, delivering improved simulation performance and unprecedented simulation reliability through cross-verification.
The Particle-in-Cell (PIC) Solver is the most versatile solver in CST PARTICLE STUDIO®. The PIC Solver is a self-consistent simulation method for particle tracking that calculates both particle trajectory and electromagnetic fields in the time-domain, taking into account the space charge effects and mutual coupling between the two. This allows it to be used to simulate a huge variety of devices where the interaction between particles and high-frequency fields are important, as well as high-power devices where electron multipacting is a risk.
The Particle Tracking Solver is a 3D solver for simulating particle trajectories through electromagnetic fields. The space charge effect on the electric field can be taken into account by the Gun Iteration option. Several emission models including fixed, space charge limited, thermionic and field emission are available, and secondary electron emissions can be simulated.
The Wakefield Solver calculates the fields around a particle beam and the wakefields produced through interactions with discontinuities. The structure is excited by a line current – with longitudinally Gaussian shaped charge distribution – representing the beam.
